It denotes a theatrical work consisting of a dramatic text, or libretto (“booklet”), that has been set to music and staged with scenery, costumes, and movement. The English word opera is an abbreviation of the Italian phrase opera in musica (“work in music”). For an overview of opera and operalike traditions in Asia (particularly in China), see the appropriate sections of Chinese music, Japanese music, South Asian arts, and Southeast Asian arts see also short entries on specific forms of Chinese opera, such as chuanqi, jingxi, kunqu, and nanxi. This article focuses on opera in the Western tradition. In some operas the music is continuous throughout an act in others it is broken up into discrete pieces, or “numbers,” separated either by recitative (a dramatic type of singing that approaches speech) or by spoken dialogue. Opera, a staged drama set to music in its entirety, made up of vocal pieces with instrumental accompaniment and usually with orchestral overtures and interludes.

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